RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo da presente revisão foi avaliar as mudanças na espessura óssea alveolar após o término do tratamento ortodôntico. Métodos: as bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE e LILACS foram consultadas para artigos publicados até julho de 2018, sendo considerados elegíveis somente estudos prospectivos clínicos que relataram a espessura óssea em adultos submetidos ao tratamento ortodôntico não cirúrgico. Resultados: no total, 12 estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, e a maioria dos estudos mostrou que o tratamento ortodôntico promove redução na espessura óssea dos incisivos, principalmente na face palatina. Conclusão: em pacientes submetidos a diferentes técnicas ortodônticas, foi observada uma redução significativa na espessura óssea, especialmente na face palatina. Relevância clínica: esses achados são relevantes e devem ser considerados no diagnóstico e plano de tratamento do movimento dentário, com o objetivo de prevenir a ocorrência de deiscências e fenestrações ósseas.

ABSTRACT Objectives: This review aimed at evaluating changes in alveolar bone thickness after completion of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Only prospective clinical studies that reported bone thickness in adult patients undergoing non-surgical orthodontic treatment were considered eligible. MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases were searched for articles published up to July 2018. Results: A total of 12 studies met the selected criteria. Most of the studies showed that orthodontic treatment produces a reduction in bone thickness of incisors, mainly at the palatal side. Conclusion: On patients undergoing different orthodontic treatment techniques, there was a significant bone thickness reduction, mainly on the palatal side. Clinical relevance: These findings are relevant and have to be considered in diagnosis and planning of tooth movement, in order to prevent the occurrence of dehiscence and fenestration in alveolar bone.

Obesity has been linked to higher inflammatory status and periodontal breakdown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: obese (n=13), which were fed with "cafeteria diet" (CAF diet - high amounts of sucrose and fat) for 90 days in order to gain weight, and non-obese (n=11) regularly fed rats. Ligature-induced experimental periodontitis was created in all animals. Body weight differed statistically between obese and non-obese groups (277.59 and 223.35 g, respectively) at the moment of the ligature placement. Morphometric registration of alveolar bone loss was carried out after 30 days of ligature placement to determine the effect of obesity on the progression of experimental periodontitis. RESULTS: Intra-group comparisons showed significantly higher alveolar bone loss mean values in maxillary teeth with ligature (P<0.05). Alveolar bone loss [mean (SD), mm] was not statistically different between obese and non-obese groups [0.71 (0.09) and 0.65 (0.07) mm, respectively]. However, when palatal sides are analyzed separately, obese group presented significantly higher alveolar bone loss (P<0.05) as compared to non-obese [0.68 (0.12) and 0.53 (0.13) mm, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the weak differences, it is possible to conclude that the progression of alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis can be potentially influenced by body weight in rats.